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Air Quality
| Advisories / Alerts |
| Severe Wx Summary! | |
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 Gale Warning Small Craft Advisory Hazardous Seas Warning Lake Wind Advisory |
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| Wed, Apr 21, 2021 - 10:49am |
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Info Links
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| Joint USAF/NOAA Solar Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast SDF Number 110 Issued at 2200Z on 20 Apr 2021 |
| IA. Analysis of Solar Active Regions and Activity from 19/2100Z to
20/2100Z: Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a M1 event observed at 19/2342Z from Region 2816 (S24E21). There are currently 3 numbered sunspot regions on the disk. |
| IB. Solar Activity Forecast Solar activity is likely to be low with a slight chance for an M-class flare on days one and two (21 Apr, 22 Apr) and expected to be very low with a chance for a C-class flares and a slight chance for an M-class flare on day three (23 Apr). |
| IIA. Geophysical Activity Summary 19/2100Z to 20/2100Z The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 687 km/s at 19/2348Z. Total IMF reached 6 nT at 20/0222Z. The maximum southward component of Bz reached -5 nT at 19/2342Z. Electrons greater than 2 MeV at geosynchronous orbit reached a peak level of 13356 pfu. |
| IIB. Geophysical Activity Forecast The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to unsettled levels on days one and three (21 Apr, 23 Apr) and quiet levels on day two (22 Apr). |
Product: 3-Day Forecast - Issued: 2021 Apr 21 1230 UTC
Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center.
Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast
The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 3 (below NOAA Scale levels). The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Apr 21-Apr 23 2021 is 3 (below NOAA Scale levels).
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Rationale: No G1 (Minor) or greater geomagnetic storms are expected. No significant transient or recurrent solar wind features are forecast.
Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast
Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-16 over the past 24 hours, was below S-scale storm level thresholds.
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Rationale: No S1 (Minor) or greater solar radiation storms are expected. No significant active region activity favorable for radiation storm production is forecast.
Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast
No radio blackouts were observed over the past 24 hours.
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Rationale: There is slight chance for R1 (Minor) radio blackouts on Apr 21-23.
Product: 27 day Space Weather Outlook - Issued: 2021 Apr 19 0151 UTC
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| This plot shows 3-days of 5-minute solar x-ray flux values measured on the SWPC primary and secondary GOES satellites. | The Satellite Environment Plot combines satellite and ground-based data to provide an overview of the current geosynchronous satellite environment. |
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| Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO). | Real-Time Solar Wind data broadcast from NASA's ACE satellite. |
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Instruments on board the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) continually monitor the power flux carried by the protons and electrons that produce aurora in the atmosphere. SWPC has developed a technique that uses the power flux observations obtained during a single pass of the satellite over a polar region (which takes about 25 minutes) to estimate the total power deposited in an entire polar region by these auroral particles. The power input estimate is converted to an auroral activity index that ranges from 1 to 10. |
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The sun is constantly monitored for sun spots and coronal mass ejections. EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) images the solar atmosphere at several wavelengths, and therefore, shows solar material at different temperatures. In the images taken at 304 Angstrom the bright material is at 60,000 to 80,000 degrees Kelvin. In those taken at 171 Angstrom, at 1 million degrees. 195 Angstrom images correspond to about 1.5 million Kelvin, 284 Angstrom to 2 million degrees. The hotter the temperature, the higher you look in the solar atmosphere. |
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| This plot shows the Solar Cycle Sun Spot Number Progression. | This plot shows the F10.7cm Radio Flux Progression. |
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| This plot shows the Solar Cycle Ap Progression. | Sunspot Cycle 22, 23, and 24 |
The Solar Cycle is observed by counting the frequency and placement of sunspots visible on the Sun.
Solar minimum occurred in December, 2008.
Solar maximum was expected to occur in May, 2013.
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| Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. |
| Source: Space Weather.com |
| Centaurus A’s Warped Magnetic Fields | |||
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2021 April 21 |
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Explanation: When galaxies collide -- what happens to their magnetic fields? To help find out, NASA pointed SOFIA, its flying 747, at galactic neighbor Centaurus A to observe the emission of polarized dust -- which traces magnetic fields. Cen A's unusual shape results from the clash of two galaxies with jets powered by gas accreting onto a central supermassive black hole. In the resulting featured image, SOFIA-derived magnetic streamlines are superposed on ESO (visible: white), APEX (submillimeter: orange), Chandra (X-rays: blue), and Spitzer (infrared: red) images. The magnetic fields were found to be parallel to the dust lanes on the outskirts of the galaxy but distorted near the center. Gravitational forces near the black hole accelerate ions and enhance the magnetic field. In sum, the collision not only combined the galaxies’ masses -- but amplified their magnetic fields. These results provide new insights into how magnetic fields evolved in the early universe when mergers were more common. |
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| High Resolution Image | |||
| Tomorrow’s Image: open space | |||
| Credit : Optical: European Southern Observatory (ESO) Wide Field Imager; Submillimeter: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy/ESO/Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX)/A.Weiss et al; X-ray and Infrared: NASA/Chandra/R. Kraft; JPL-Caltech/J. Keene; Text: Joan Schmelz (USRA) | |||
| Courtesy of Astronomy Picture of the Day Index - Main Page & Astronomy Picture of the Day |
Space Weather Images and Information (excluded from copyright) courtesy of: NOAA / NWS Space Weather Prediction Center, Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (HAO/NCAR), and SOHO (ESA & NASA).
Past 7 Days of Astronomy Pic of the DayPowered by Space Weather PHP script by Mike Challis
additions by Martin of Hebrides Weather, Ken True of Saratoga Weather,
Jerry Wilkins of Southeast Lincoln Weather and Jeremy Dyde of Jerbils Weather
Ambient Weather VWS v14.00 Top